Inventions and When They Were Made

A round open dish used for serving food mixing ingredients or washing hands at the table

A deep ceramic or metal container for cooking stews and boiling water over an open fire

Cleaning agent made by boiling fat with alkali known in Mesopotamia long before anyone understood why it worked

A small open vessel with a handle for drinking water wine or ale during ordinary meals

A sharp blade fixed in a handle for cutting food and other work, in metal since the Bronze Age

A shallow bowl on a handle for eating liquids and soft foods, made from wood, bone or metal

A toothed implement of wood bone or ivory used to arrange hair and remove tangles or parasites

A metal tool shaped to fit inside a lock and move its bolt to secure doors chests and cupboards

A clay or metal container that holds oil and a wick to give steady indoor light at night

A polished metal disk or glass backed with silver that reflects an image for grooming and inspection

A round wooden or metal vessel with a handle used to carry water milk or grain around the home

A wax or tallow cylinder with a wick that provides portable light when burned in homes after dark

A bundle of twigs or straw tied to a stick for sweeping dust and debris from floors

A pair of pivoted blades used for cutting cloth thread and paper in household sewing work

A flat round dish on which food is served and eaten at meals in households across Europe

Writing instrument of graphite encased in wood, sharpened to a point and erasable from the page

Portable canopy of fabric stretched over ribs that fold inward to protect the user from rain or sun

Utensil with two or more prongs used to spear and lift food to the mouth during meals

Instrument that measures atmospheric pressure using a column of mercury in a glass tube

Glass tube containing mercury or alcohol that expands or contracts to show temperature changes

Small brush with a handle used to clean teeth by applying toothpaste or powder

Clock fitted with a bell or buzzer that rings at a preset time to wake the sleeper

Spiral metal tool with a handle used to pull corks from the necks of bottles

Small stick tipped with a chemical mixture that ignites when struck against a rough surface

Folded paper container with a gummed flap used to enclose and mail letters

Loop of natural or synthetic rubber that stretches and contracts to bind objects together

Mechanical device that stitches fabric together using a needle and thread driven by a foot pedal or motor

Fastener consisting of a spring wire bent into a clasp that covers the sharp point when closed

Appliance that agitates clothes in soapy water to remove dirt before rinsing and spinning

Hand tool with a cutting wheel that opens metal food cans by slicing around the rim

Flat scoop with a handle used to collect swept dust and debris from the floor

Device that drives metal staples through sheets of paper to bind them together

Flexible strip of cloth or metal marked with units of length used for measuring distances

Shaped frame of wood wire or plastic used to hang garments in a closet without wrinkling

Small timepiece worn on the wrist with a strap instead of carried in a pocket

Heated metal plate with a handle used to press wrinkles from clothing using electricity

Metal jug with an internal heating element that boils water rapidly when plugged in

Fastening device made of two rows of metal or plastic teeth that interlock when pulled together

Portable battery powered lamp with a reflector that produces a focused beam of light

Bent wire loop used to hold sheets of paper together without piercing or damaging them

Machine that sucks dust and dirt from floors and carpets through suction created by an electric motor

Electric appliance with slots that browns bread slices using heated metal elements

Insulated cabinet that keeps food cold using a compressor and refrigerant to remove heat

Writing tool that dispenses oil-based ink through a small rotating ball at the tip

Hook and loop fastener of two fabric strips that grip each other when pressed and peel apart when pulled

Projectile weapon consisting of a flexible arc and string that launches arrows over distance in hunting and battle

Pointed shaft thrown or thrust, the most widely used weapon in history and the ancestor of pike and lance

Handheld bladed weapon used for cutting and thrusting in close combat throughout ancient and medieval warfare

Heavy beam swung or pushed to break through gates and walls during assaults on fortified positions

Mobile wooden structure that protects attackers while they approach and scale enemy defensive walls

Ancient artillery piece resembling a giant crossbow that shoots large bolts or stones with torsion power

Tension or torsion-powered siege device designed to launch stones or incendiaries against fortifications

Mechanical bow mounted on a stock that fires bolts with greater force and requires less training than traditional bows

Incendiary liquid weapon projected from tubes that burned on water and terrified Byzantine enemies

Heavy club with a flanged or spiked metal head used to crush armor and helmets in melee fighting

Long wooden spear used by mounted knights in a couched position for shock charges in battle

Counterweight siege engine that hurls heavy stones or projectiles at castle walls from a pivoting arm

Polearm combining an axe blade with a spear point allowing both cutting and thrusting in infantry combat

Very long spear carried by infantry in dense formations to create an impenetrable wall of points

Early gunpowder artillery tube that fires stone or metal balls and began replacing siege engines

Massive early cannon firing stone balls to smash castle walls before the widespread use of iron shot

First firing mechanism to free both hands, dropping a burning cord onto the priming powder when the trigger was pulled

Full suit of shaped steel plates covering a man from head to foot, at its height just as guns arrived

Early matchlock gun light enough for one soldier to carry and fire from the shoulder in formation

Short-barreled artillery that lobs explosive shells high over walls into fortifications or towns

Long-barreled light cannon used for accurate direct fire against troops or to pierce ship hulls

Smoothbore shoulder firearm that replaced bows and allowed massed infantry volleys in European armies

Low angled fortress with projecting bastions, built to survive cannon fire rather than tower over it

Single-shot handgun using a flint mechanism to ignite powder carried by cavalry and officers

Blade attached to a musket muzzle turning the gun into a short pike for close combat after firing

Artillery piece firing explosive shells at medium range with a higher trajectory than standard cannons

Ship-mounted mortar used to hurl explosive shells over harbor defenses during amphibious attacks

Mobile cannon pulled by horses to support infantry with rapid direct fire on open battlefields

Shoulder gun with spiraled grooves inside the barrel giving bullets spin for greater accuracy over distance

Short naval gun firing heavy balls at close range with reduced powder for devastating ship-to-ship damage

Iron-cased military rocket launched from frames to bombard enemy troops or set fire to buildings

Handgun with a rotating cylinder holding multiple cartridges allowing repeated shots without reloading

Conical bullet that expanded to grip rifling allowing accurate fire from muzzle-loading rifles

Rapid-fire automatic weapon that sustains continuous fire using belts or magazines of ammunition

Self-propelled underwater projectile launched from ships, submarines or aircraft to sink vessels

Fast escort warship armed with guns and torpedoes to protect fleets from submarines

Heavily armored warship mounting large-caliber guns for fleet actions and shore bombardment

Wheeled vehicle protected by armor plate and used for reconnaissance and patrol

High-angle cannon built to throw shells into the path of aircraft flying overhead

Portable device that projects ignited fuel to clear enemy trenches and bunkers

Small explosive device thrown by hand to clear a trench, a room or a bunker

Chemical agents released on the battlefield to choke, blister or blind, first used at scale on the Western Front

Bolt-action or semi-automatic rifle fitted with a telescopic sight for long-range precision fire

Explosive canister dropped or projected into the sea to destroy submerged submarines

Armored tracked vehicle mounting heavy guns and designed to cross trenches and resist small-arms fire

Buried explosive charge detonated by pressure or command to stop advancing troops or vehicles

Warship that launches and recovers fixed-wing aircraft to project air power far from land bases

System that finds aircraft and ships by bouncing radio waves off them and timing the return

Fast combat aircraft that carries bombs and attacks ground targets while defending itself

Shoulder-fired rocket launcher with an open tube at both ends, used against tanks and bunkers

Tube or rail system that fires unguided rockets against armor or fortifications

Selective-fire rifle firing an intermediate cartridge and feeding from a detachable magazine

Rocket weapon steered by radio, wire, or seeker to strike moving or fixed targets

Rocket that follows a high parabolic trajectory to deliver a nuclear or conventional warhead

Guided missile that flies at low altitude and delivers a warhead to a distant target

High-speed combat aircraft powered by jet engines and armed with cannons or missiles

Weapon releasing energy from nuclear fission, of a scale that made a single aircraft able to destroy a city

Rotary-wing aircraft used to move troops, give fire support and carry out casualties

Submarine propelled by a nuclear reactor allowing months of submerged patrol without refueling

Strategic bomber built with radar-absorbent materials and angular surfaces to evade detection

Unmanned aircraft carrying missiles and flown by an operator thousands of miles from the target

Frame holding lengthwise threads under tension so crosswise threads can be woven through into cloth

Device harnessing flowing water to turn a wheel and drive millstones for grinding grain or other tasks

Machine converting wind into rotary motion, used for grinding grain and later for draining low-lying land

Leather and wood device that forces air into a forge or furnace to raise the temperature of the fire

Weight driven mechanism that advances hands or strikes bells at regular intervals without human intervention

Water powered installation that drives a vertical saw blade to cut logs into planks mechanically

Foot or hand-powered machine that twists fibers into continuous thread far faster than a drop spindle

Tall stone structure that uses forced air to smelt iron ore into liquid metal at high temperatures

Machine that spins wood or metal against a cutting tool to shape symmetrical objects like bowls or spindles

Human or animal powered wheel that turns when people walk inside it to lift water or grind grain

Engine driven by the expansion of heated steam and the first machine anywhere to replace muscle at scale

Multi-spindle spinning frame that allowed one worker to spin several threads at once in textile mills

Water-powered spinning machine that produced strong cotton thread suitable for warp in weaving

Hybrid machine combining features of the spinning jenny and water frame to produce fine yarn

Mechanized weaving device driven by water or steam that replaced hand looms in textile factories

Machine that quickly separates cotton fibers from seeds and boosted large-scale plantation output

Machine that uses fluid pressure to exert enormous force for forging and forming metal

Stack of metal discs and brine that gave the first steady electric current, making electrical science possible

Rail vehicle powered by a steam engine that hauled passengers and freight on early railways

Tool that uses rotating cutters to remove material and create complex metal shapes

Device that converts electrical energy into mechanical motion for factory equipment and appliances

Device that converts mechanical energy into direct current electricity for lighting and industry

Machine that reaps threshes and cleans grain in a single pass across fields

Device that removes heat to preserve food and enable cold storage warehouses

Plant separating crude oil into fuels and feedstocks by heating it and drawing off fractions at different temperatures

Engine that burns fuel inside cylinders to produce mechanical power for vehicles and machinery

Glass bulb in which a filament glows white hot in a vacuum, the first electric light safe for houses

Water-driven rotary machine that generates electricity at dams and river power stations

Rotary machine that extracts energy from steam to drive generators and large ships

Device that raises or lowers voltage, which is what makes long-distance transmission possible at all

Generator producing alternating current for power grids, and now for every vehicle with an engine

Heavy vehicle with engine power used to pull farm implements and replace draft animals

Compression-ignition engine that burns heavy oil and offers high efficiency for ships and trains

Rail engine powered by overhead wires or third rail that hauls trains without onboard fuel

Continuous moving belt that transports materials or products within factories and mines

Production system that moves workpieces past stationary workers to speed up manufacturing

Engine that uses hot combustion gases to spin blades and produce thrust or electricity

Reaction engine that drives an aircraft forward by throwing exhaust gases out behind it

Machine that converts wind energy into electricity using large rotating blades and a generator

Device that sustains controlled nuclear fission to produce heat for steam turbines and power

Device producing a narrow beam of coherent light by stimulated emission inside a mirrored cavity

Small watercraft propelled by oars sails or poles used for fishing transport and short coastal journeys

Narrow lightweight boat paddled by one or more people for river lake and coastal travel

Large hoofed mammal long domesticated for riding and pulling loads across continents and battlefields

Two-wheeled vehicle drawn by animals for carrying goods and people over roads and rough terrain

Vehicle with runners for sliding over snow and ice pulled by dogs reindeer or people

Light two-wheeled war vehicle pulled by horses and used for archery and rapid battlefield movement

Four-wheeled heavy vehicle for hauling goods, people and supplies over long distances

Humped desert animal ridden and loaded for trade, able to cross sand where wheeled transport cannot go

Long oared warship with sails used for naval combat and troop transport in the Mediterranean

Chinese sailing ship with multiple masts and watertight compartments for ocean trade routes

Arab sailing vessel with triangular lateen sails used for trade along Indian Ocean coasts

Viking vessel with shallow draft oars and sail suited for raiding and open sea voyages

Covered litter carried on poles by bearers for transporting important passengers over land

Flat bottomed boat for carrying bulk cargo along rivers and canals with minimal draft

Enclosed four-wheeled vehicle drawn by horses for comfortable passenger travel on roads

Large multi-decked sailing ship used for war and for carrying treasure across the Atlantic and Pacific

Enclosed box carried on poles by two bearers used by wealthy people in cities to avoid muddy streets

Four-wheeled horse-drawn cab for hire that waited at ranks in Paris streets for short city journeys

Large-wheeled coach drawn by horses that carried passengers and mail along regular routes between towns

Private sailing vessel used by royalty and wealthy merchants for pleasure trips along coasts

Light fast carriage hired with fresh horses at posting inns for rapid long distance travel

Russian carriage or sleigh pulled by three horses abreast one of which trotted while the others cantered

Light double-ended rowing boat carried on whaling ships and lowered to chase and harpoon whales

Narrow boat pulled by horses walking along a towpath used to move coal and goods on artificial waterways

Large fabric envelope filled with heated air that allowed people to fly above the ground for the first time

Fast coach carrying letters and parcels under government contract with armed guard riding beside the driver

Boat powered by a steam engine that could travel upstream against the current on rivers and canals

Two-wheeled running machine steered by handlebars and pushed along by the rider's feet, the ancestor of the bicycle

Scheduled sailing vessel that carried mail passengers and cargo on fixed routes across the Atlantic

Horse-drawn public coach running a fixed city route that anyone could board for a flat fare

Wooden wagon with canvas cover pulled by oxen or horses used by settlers crossing the American plains

Passenger vehicle running on rails in city streets and pulled by one or two horses

Fast sailing ship with tall masts and narrow hull built to carry tea and passengers at high speed

Vessel that carries passengers and vehicles across short stretches of water on regular schedules

Large vessel propelled by steam engines used for ocean and river passenger service

Powered cabin running in a vertical shaft, which made buildings taller than anyone would climb

Railway with two counterbalanced cars pulled up and down a steep incline by a cable

Large passenger steamship built to keep a published schedule across the Atlantic in all weather

Two-wheeled cart pulled by a person or bicycle used for short urban passenger trips

Street vehicle pulled by a continuously moving underground cable along steep urban hills

Two-wheeled pedal-powered vehicle with equal-sized wheels and a chain drive for everyday transport

Four-wheeled motor vehicle designed for passenger transport on roads using an internal combustion engine

Rail vehicle powered by overhead electric wires running on city streets for public transport

Network of underground electric railways serving central London and the suburbs beyond it

Two-wheeled motor vehicle powered by an engine and steered by handlebars for road travel

Moving staircase of linked steps driven by a chain, which carries people between floors without stopping

Underwater vessel capable of independent operation below the surface for extended periods

Large rigid airship filled with hydrogen and steered by engines for long-distance passenger flights

Powered heavier-than-air flying machine with fixed wings controlled in three axes by its own pilot

Large motor vehicle designed to carry many passengers along fixed urban or intercity routes

Motor vehicle licensed to carry passengers for hire within a city on demand

Electric bus that draws power from overhead wires while running on rubber tires

Rotary-wing aircraft that uses an unpowered rotor for lift and a propeller for forward thrust

Aircraft that achieves lift and propulsion through one or more overhead rotating blades

Motor vehicle capable of operating both on land and in water for military or civilian use

Commercial aircraft propelled by jet engines, which cut long-haul flight times roughly in half

Cargo vessel carrying standard steel boxes that move between ship, train and truck without unpacking

Vehicle that travels over land or water on a cushion of air generated by fans

Train that runs on a single elevated rail beam through urban or theme-park settings

Motorized vehicle with skis and tracks for travel over snow and ice

Electric train designed to travel at speeds exceeding two hundred kilometers per hour

Supersonic passenger airliner that flew faster than the speed of sound across the Atlantic

Train that levitates above the track using magnetic forces for very high speeds

Wedge-shaped marks pressed into wet clay, the earliest writing system and the longest used of any

Picture sign used in ancient Egypt to write words and record royal events on stone and papyrus

Sheet made from pressed strips of a Nile reed used for writing and painting in ancient times

Long roll of papyrus or parchment unrolled to read text written in columns from one end to the other

Set of letters each standing for a sound, able to spell any spoken word without a symbol per idea

Animal skin scraped thin and dried to create a smooth reusable surface for writing with ink

Thin sheet pressed from macerated plant fiber cheap enough to replace parchment and papyrus everywhere it reached

Angular letter carved into wood or stone by early Germanic peoples for messages and memorials

Bound collection of pages that holds written words and pictures in a portable durable format for repeated reading

Feather trimmed to a point and split to hold ink for writing on parchment or paper

Handwritten book decorated with gold leaf and colored pictures to mark important passages

Machine that presses inked type against paper to produce many identical copies of text and images quickly

Printmaking where acid bites lines into a metal plate so ink can transfer drawings onto paper in multiple copies

Printed publication issued regularly with news reports and opinions that reached households across cities and nations

Engraving method that rocked a copper plate to produce rich dark tones for reproducing paintings in black and white

Multi-volume reference setting out all human knowledge by subject, written by many hands and sold by subscription

Alphabetical listing of a language's words with their meanings, settled spellings and quoted uses

Technique that carved fine lines into hardwood blocks to illustrate books and magazines with sharp detailed pictures

Tower system of movable arms that relayed coded messages visually from hilltop to hilltop across France and England

Printing method that used a flat stone surface to reproduce drawings and text in large numbers for posters and maps

Optical prism device that let artists trace accurate outlines of scenes onto paper while looking through a lens

System of raised dots read by fingertip that let blind people read and write for the first time

System that sent messages instantly over wires using coded electric signals between distant cities and offices

Viewer that combined two slightly different photographs to give the illusion of depth for scenic and portrait cards

Process that captured permanent images on light sensitive plates allowing accurate pictures of people and places

Small adhesive label prepaid for mail delivery that replaced the old system of charging recipients on arrival

Weekly paper that combined text reports with wood engravings of current events for a broad reading public

Submarine cable laid across the Atlantic seabed that carried telegraph messages between Europe and North America

Printed card with an image on one side and space for a short written message on the other

Keyboard machine that prints letters onto paper as they are struck, one bar at a time

Device carrying speech along a wire as an electrical signal, and then back into sound at the far end

Machine that casts entire lines of metal type for rapid newspaper and book printing

Device that copies typed pages with ink through a stencil for distribution to many readers

Grooved disc that stores sound for playback on a turntable and later radio broadcast

Early system sending text messages in Morse code through radio waves without wires

Broadcast of sound and speech through electromagnetic waves received by antennas in homes and cars

Short filmed reports of current events shown in cinemas before the main feature film

Machine that types incoming telegraph messages automatically onto paper for immediate reading

Transmission of weather maps and photographs by radio waves to ships and remote stations

System sending moving pictures and sound through the air or cables to distant receivers for live viewing

Photographic film storing greatly reduced images of documents for compact long-term preservation

Service delivering dozens of channels through coaxial cables buried under streets to home sets

Live two-way video and audio link allowing people in different rooms to see and speak together

Machine that scans documents and sends their images over telephone lines to print at the receiving end

Global network linking computers to exchange text, images and data across continents in seconds

Electronic messages sent between computers and stored until the recipient opens them on screen

Programs beamed from orbiting satellites to dish antennas on rooftops for home reception

Portable handset that makes calls and later sends text and pictures over radio towers

Device recording photographs as electronic files that can be sent immediately by wire or wireless

Small camera attached to a computer that streams live video images across the internet

Short written notes sent between mobile phones and displayed instantly on the recipient screen

Voice calls routed over the internet instead of traditional phone lines to reduce cost

Real-time typed conversation between two users on connected computers shown line by line

Personal website where authors post dated entries of text and pictures for public reading

Audio files released in episodes that listeners download or stream to phones and computers

Online platform where users create profiles and share updates with chosen friends or followers

Mobile device combining phone calls with internet browsing and camera functions in one unit

Blood-sucking worm applied to skin to draw blood and reduce swelling or inflammation

Tincture of opium dissolved in alcohol taken for pain relief and to calm nerves

Glass tube with mercury that measures body temperature to detect fever or chills

Bitter alkaloid extracted from cinchona bark used to treat and prevent malaria fevers

Fine-toothed metal saw designed to cut through bone quickly during limb removal

Lens instrument that magnifies what the eye cannot see, and opened up a world of cells and organisms

Sharp steel blade with handle used to make precise cuts during operations and dissections

Curved metal tongs used to grasp and deliver a baby during difficult childbirth

Flexible tube inserted into the bladder to drain urine when natural flow is blocked

Dried inner bark of willow trees brewed into tea to ease headaches and joint pain

Extract from foxglove leaves given to strengthen weak heartbeats and reduce fluid buildup

Inoculation using cowpox that gives lasting immunity to smallpox, and the first vaccine of any kind made

Listening device that amplifies internal body sounds allowing doctors to diagnose heart and lung conditions

Powerful opiate painkiller isolated from opium poppies and used after major operations

Inhaled anesthetic that produces unconsciousness and was the first reliable surgical sleep agent

Liquid anesthetic inhaled through a cloth to render patients unconscious during surgery and childbirth

Device with lenses and light that reveals the interior structures of the living eye

Needle and plunger tool that injects medicine directly into tissue or the bloodstream

Handheld lighted instrument that lets doctors examine the ear canal and eardrum

Sterile thread used to close wounds and surgical incisions so they heal properly

Practice of killing germs on hands, instruments and wounds during operations, which cut post-surgical deaths sharply

Serum derived from immunized horses that neutralizes the toxin causing throat membrane disease

Protective hand covering used in surgery to maintain sterility and prevent infection spread

Inflatable armband connected to a gauge, used to measure the pressure of blood in an artery

Device that produces images of bones and dense tissues inside the body using radiation

Widely used pain reliever and fever reducer derived from salicylic acid that treats headaches, inflammation and heart conditions

Machine that records the electrical activity of the heart on paper strips

Procedure of transferring compatible blood from donor to patient to replace lost volume

Adhesive strip with sterile pad that covers small cuts and protects them from dirt

Hormone treatment extracted from animal pancreases that allows people with diabetes to control blood sugar levels

Shot that prevents lockjaw from wound infections and is given routinely to soldiers and workers

Anticoagulant drug that prevents dangerous blood clots during surgery and after heart attacks

Early synthetic antibiotic class that treated bacterial infections before penicillin became common

Apparatus that filters waste from the blood of patients whose kidneys have failed, doing the organ's work externally

First widely used antibiotic derived from a mold which turned infections that routinely killed into minor illnesses

Steroid hormone used to reduce severe inflammation in arthritis and allergic conditions

Pressurized injector that pushes vaccine through the skin in a jet, without any needle

Injected or oral preparation that protects children against the paralysis caused by poliomyelitis

Machine that images the inside of the body with sound too high to hear, using no radiation at all

Implanted device delivering electrical pulses to keep a heart beating at a steady rhythm

Oral hormonal medication taken daily to prevent pregnancy, the first widely available reversible method controlled by the user

Machine that images soft tissue inside the body using magnetic fields and radio waves rather than radiation

Room-sized electronic computer of eighteen thousand valves, built to calculate artillery tables during the war

Semiconductor switch that replaced the vacuum tube, small enough and cheap enough to be used in the billions

Stack of spinning magnetic platters read by heads flying microns above the surface, the main store of every computer

Complete electronic circuit built on a single chip of semiconductor rather than wired together from separate parts

Device converting digital signals to audio tones for transmission over telephone lines

Early packet switched network funded by the military that became the foundation of the internet

Automated teller machine dispensing cash and accepting deposits without a human teller

Flexible magnetic disc in a square sleeve, the way software and documents moved between machines for thirty years

Entire central processing unit on one chip, which made a computer something that could sit on a desk

Arcade table tennis game of two paddles and a square ball, the first video game to reach a mass audience

Machine-readable pattern of lines carrying product data, scanned by laser at a checkout

Desktop machine with keyboard monitor and microprocessor sold for individual use in homes and offices

Wired local area network technology using coaxial cable to link computers in the same building

Business oriented personal computer using an open architecture that spawned many compatible clones

Optical disc format storing digital audio and later data readable by laser

Personal computer with graphical user interface mouse and built in screen introduced by Apple

Portable computer with integrated screen keyboard and battery for use away from a desk

Home video game console that revived the industry after a market crash

System of linked documents served over the internet and read through a browser invented at a physics laboratory

Video game console built around compact discs and three-dimensional graphics for the living room

Satellite system giving position and time anywhere on earth, free to anyone with a receiver

Optical disc format holding video and data with higher capacity than compact discs

Universal serial bus standard for connecting peripherals to computers with plug and play support

Portable device storing and playing compressed digital music files without moving parts

Short range wireless technology linking phones headsets and other gadgets over short distances

Wireless networking standard permitting devices to connect to the internet without cables

Online encyclopedia written and edited by volunteers with articles on nearly every topic imaginable

Video sharing platform where users upload watch and comment on clips of any length

Touchscreen smartphone combining phone music player and internet communicator first sold by Apple in stores

Flat portable device controlled by touch screen used for reading browsing and media