Institutions and When They Were Founded

Buddhist monastic university in northern India that drew students from China, Korea and Tibet for seven centuries

Mosque and university at Fez in Morocco, often called the oldest continuously operating degree-granting institution

Cairo mosque and university, and the leading center of Sunni learning in the Arabic-speaking world for a millennium

Italian university at Bologna, generally counted as the oldest institution of its kind still operating anywhere in the world

English university at Oxford, the oldest in the English-speaking world, teaching in some form since the eleventh century

Spanish university in Salamanca, one of the oldest in Europe and a key site during the Renaissance

Medieval university of Paris, the model for northern European universities and the center of scholastic theology

English university in Cambridge, founded after scholars left Oxford and now famous for its collegiate system and scientific discoveries

Italian university in Padua, founded in the thirteenth century and famous for early scientific discoveries

Czech university in Prague, the oldest in Central Europe and a symbol of Czech national identity

Austrian university in Vienna, one of the oldest in the German speaking world and a hub of intellectual life

German university in Heidelberg, the oldest in the country and a center of learning since the late Middle Ages

Scottish university in St Andrews, the oldest in Scotland and known for its historic colleges and golf heritage

English boarding school near Windsor, founded by a king to educate scholars who would go on to Cambridge

English school in Rugby Warwickshire, famous as the birthplace of the rugby football game played worldwide today

Dutch university in Leiden, founded after the city withstood a famous siege and now a major research institution

Scottish university in Edinburgh, a center of the Scottish Enlightenment and medical education for centuries

Irish university in Dublin, the oldest in Ireland and home to the famous Book of Kells manuscript

American university in Cambridge Massachusetts, the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and a global research powerhouse

American university in New Haven Connecticut, one of the Ivy League schools with a long history of educating future leaders

American university in Philadelphia, an Ivy League school founded by Benjamin Franklin with a practical curriculum

American university in Princeton New Jersey, an Ivy League school known for its undergraduate focus and historic campus

American university in New York City, an Ivy League school originally founded as King's College before the revolution

American university in Cambridge Massachusetts, renowned worldwide for its programs in science engineering and technology

American university in Ithaca New York, an Ivy League school founded as a land grant institution with practical studies

American university in Berkeley California, the flagship campus of the UC system and a birthplace of the free speech movement

Japanese national university in Tokyo, created to import Western science and still the hardest place in the country to enter

American university in Stanford California, founded by a railroad magnate and now a major center for technology and innovation

American university in Chicago Illinois, founded with Rockefeller money and famous for its rigorous academic culture

Chinese university in Beijing, founded as the imperial capital's modern college and long the center of student politics

British government journal of record, printed since the seventeenth century and still publishing official notices today

Austrian newspaper founded in the early eighteenth century, and for a long time the oldest still in print

British daily newspaper of record, owned by News Corp and still influential in political circles

British daily newspaper founded in Manchester and noted for its investigative reporting and left of center editorial stance

Indian daily founded under British rule and now the largest-selling English-language newspaper anywhere in the world

British weekly magazine that covers global politics, economics and business from a classical liberal editorial perspective

American daily newspaper known for its international coverage and for publishing the Pentagon Papers in nineteen seventy one

British news agency whose correspondents supply reports to newspapers and broadcasters around the world

American magazine founded to promote abolitionism that now covers politics, culture and technology in long-form articles

American daily newspaper of the capital, best known for its reporting on the Watergate break-in and cover-up

Japanese daily newspaper with one of the largest circulations in the world and a reputation for liberal editorial views

British daily newspaper focused on business and economics that prints on distinctive salmon-pink paper

American magazine famous for its yellow-bordered issues and for publishing photographs of remote places and wildlife

American daily newspaper focused on business and finance that also covers politics and international affairs in depth

American fashion magazine that sets trends each season and publishes the annual September issue known for its size and influence

British tabloid newspaper known for its conservative views and for running campaigns that have influenced government policy

British public service broadcaster funded by a compulsory household license fee rather than by advertising or subscription income

American weekly news magazine that condensed the week's events into short signed pieces for busy readers

American broadcast television network that began as a radio service and later became one of the big three television networks

American broadcast television network originally known for its radio news and later for its evening news anchor Walter Cronkite

American weekly news magazine that competed directly with Time for decades before moving to an all-digital format

American broadcast television network that grew from a radio chain and became known for its sports and prime time entertainment

French daily newspaper founded after the Second World War and regarded as the newspaper of record in France

German weekly news magazine famous for its investigative reporting and for publishing leaked government documents

Chinese state television broadcaster that operates dozens of channels and reaches hundreds of millions of domestic viewers daily

American magazine that began as a rock music publication and later expanded into investigative political reporting

Italian daily newspaper known for its center-left politics and for breaking several major political scandals

American cable news channel that pioneered the twenty four hour news cycle format now used by broadcasters worldwide

Qatari state-funded broadcaster that gained global attention for its coverage of the Arab Spring uprisings

American cable news channel, the most watched in the country and the most openly partisan of them

English trading company chartered for the Asia trade that ended up governing much of the Indian subcontinent

North American fur-trading company chartered in London that became a department store chain and outlived every rival

Insurance market that grew out of a coffee house where shipowners and underwriters met to share maritime risk

American clothing company that invented riveted denim jeans during the California gold rush

Swiss food company begun with an infant formula, and now the largest food and drink business in the world

American food company famous for ketchup that began selling horseradish and pickles from a small garden

American beverage corporation founded in Atlanta by a pharmacist, and now the largest soft drink maker in the world

American automaker founded by an inventor who introduced the moving assembly line and made cars affordable

American technology corporation originally selling tabulating machines that later dominated mainframe computing

German luxury car and motorcycle maker originally known for aircraft engines and later for performance vehicles

American aerospace company begun by a lumber heir who built seaplanes on a Seattle lake

American entertainment conglomerate begun by brothers who created an animated mouse and built theme parks

German luxury automobile brand formed from the merger of two pioneering car manufacturers

Japanese automaker started by a loom maker that became the world's largest car manufacturer by volume

German automaker created to produce an affordable people's car under government direction before the war

South Korean conglomerate begun as a trading company that now leads in smartphones and memory chips

Swedish furniture retailer whose flat-packed boxes and maze-like stores made self-assembly a global habit

Japanese electronics company started by two engineers who built the first transistor radio for the mass market

American fast-food chain that began with a single California drive-in and standardized the hamburger experience worldwide

American retail corporation founded by a merchant who built large discount stores in small towns

American athletic footwear and apparel company founded by a track coach and his student that now leads global sportswear

American semiconductor company founded by engineers who left a larger firm to make memory chips

American coffeehouse chain begun in Seattle that popularized espresso drinks and the to-go cup culture

American software giant started by two teenagers in Albuquerque that now dominates personal computing and cloud services

American technology company known for consumer electronics and software, founded in a California garage by two college dropouts

American online retailer started as a bookseller in a Seattle garage that grew into a vast logistics and cloud empire

American streaming service begun as a DVD-by-mail rental company that later shifted to online video

American search and advertising company begun in a Stanford dorm room that organizes the world's information

American social network started in a Harvard dorm that now connects billions of users worldwide

American ride-hailing company started in San Francisco that disrupted traditional taxi services globally